#81 - Investment Compass Ep. 1 - 10 of the Most Famous Investors of All Time
All you need to know about the 10 most famous Investors in one post
Investing can seem daunting, but learning from the greats makes it a lot more approachable. Here we highlight ten legendary investors — their claim to fame, key achievements, a nugget of wisdom, and a book recommendation. Whether you’re a beginner or a seasoned investor, these stories offer inspiration and insights.
1. Warren Buffett
Warren Buffett is often called the “Oracle of Omaha,” and for good reason. He’s best known as the chairman and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway, where he’s built an unparalleled investing track record over several decades. Buffett started young (he famously delivered newspapers and bought his first stock at 11) and later studied under Benjamin Graham. In the 1960s, he took control of a struggling textile company, Berkshire Hathaway, and transformed it into a massive holding company. Today Berkshire owns or invests in dozens of businesses from insurance to Coca-Cola. Buffett’s down-to-earth style and folksy humor make him relatable, even as he became one of the world’s richest people through the stock market.
Key achievements: Under Buffett’s leadership, Berkshire Hathaway’s stock has delivered about a 20% compounded annual return since 1965 – roughly double the S&P 500’s performance. To put that in perspective, a $100 investment in Berkshire in 1965 would be worth millions today. Buffett has outperformed the market for decades by sticking to value investing principles: buying quality companies at reasonable prices and holding for the long term. He’s also pledged the bulk of his fortune to charity, reflecting his philosophy that money is only as good as what you do with it. As he famously advises, “Be fearful when others are greedy, and greedy when others are fearful” – a mantra that captures his contrarian approach to market swings. In practice, Buffett often swoops in to buy when panic is high (and prices are low), and exercises caution when markets are euphoric.
Memorable quote: “Be fearful when others are greedy, and greedy when others are fearful.” – This classic Buffett quote reminds investors to keep their cool and take a contrarian stance instead of following the crowd.
Recommended reading: The Snowball: Warren Buffett and the Business of Life by Alice Schroeder. This biography offers a candid look at Buffett’s life, strategies, and the principles that guided his journey.
2. Benjamin Graham
Benjamin Graham is widely known as the “father of value investing.” He may not be a household name to everyone, but to investors he’s a true legend. Graham was an investor and professor (teaching at Columbia Business School) who mentored a young Warren Buffett in the early 1950s. He’s best known for authoring The Intelligent Investor and co-authoring Security Analysis – basically the bibles of value investing. In these works, Graham laid out a framework for analyzing companies, emphasizing the concept of “intrinsic value” and a “margin of safety.” His philosophy was to buy stocks when they trade below their intrinsic worth (what the business is really worth) so that you have a built-in cushion against errors or market downturns. Graham’s disciplined, almost mathematical approach earned him the nickname “Dean of Wall Street.” Despite investing in an era long before tech stocks and index funds, his ideas remain remarkably relevant.
Key achievements: Beyond his influence through books, Graham was a successful investor in practice. He ran the Graham-Newman Corporation, an investment fund, from the 1930s to 1950s with impressive results – about a 14.7% annual return net of fees over 21 years, versus 12.2% for the S&P 500 in the same period. Beating the market by a few percentage points consistently over two decades is no small feat (that’s hall-of-fame territory in investing). More importantly, Graham inspired a whole generation of investors. Warren Buffett has called The Intelligent Investor “by far the best book on investing ever written,” and Buffett credits Graham’s teachings for shaping his own strategy. Graham’s core advice was to view stocks as pieces of real businesses, not just ticker symbols – a mindset that was revolutionary at the time. One of his most famous insights is: “In the short run, the market is a voting machine, but in the long run it is a weighing machine.” In other words, day-to-day prices are like popularity contests (swayed by traders’ emotions), but eventually a stock’s true value will reflect the company’s fundamentals.
Memorable quote: “In the short run, the market is a voting machine, but in the long run it is a weighing machine.” – Graham’s classic metaphor underscores that while market prices can fluctuate wildly in the near term, ultimately what counts is a company’s real worth and performance.
Recommended reading: The Intelligent Investor by Benjamin Graham. This 1949 classic (with updated editions) is a must-read for anyone interested in understanding the fundamentals of value investing straight from the source. It’s full of timeless wisdom on how to invest rationally and avoid costly mistakes.
3. Peter Lynch
Peter Lynch is the legendary mutual fund manager who showed that “investing in what you know” can yield spectacular results. He’s best known for managing Fidelity’s Magellan Fund from 1977 to 1990. During that 13-year stretch, Lynch racked up an astonishing average annual return of about 29% . To put it plainly, he nearly doubled the S&P 500’s performance and did so consistently – Magellan beat the market in 11 out of 13 years under his watch. Starting with a relatively small fund (around $20 million in assets), Lynch grew Magellan to $14 billion by the time he retired. His success made him one of the most famous investors of the 1980s and his approach was refreshingly simple: he believed individual investors could find great opportunities by observing the world around them.
Key achievements: Lynch’s track record at Magellan Fund is one of the best ever in mutual fund history. Averaging ~29% a year means he turned ordinary investments into five-baggers and ten-baggers with surprising regularity. One of his strengths was spotting growth stories early – he invested in companies like Dunkin’ Donuts and Taco Bell before they became huge stock winners, often after noticing how popular their products were. Lynch was also a master at explaining complex ideas in plain language. He coined the term “tenbagger” to describe stocks that go up tenfold, and he encouraged people to look for these big winners among the companies they already knew as consumers. His investing style combined growth and value – he wanted good companies with strong growth prospects, but only if they were selling at a reasonable price. He’s famously quoted as saying, “Know what you own, and know why you own it.” This advice urged investors to thoroughly understand a company’s business and not just buy a stock because it’s trending. Lynch’s humility and humor (he joked that he spent more time at the mall researching stocks than on Wall Street) made his wisdom accessible to everyday investors.
Memorable quote: “Know what you own, and why you own it.” – Lynch’s rule of thumb emphasizes doing your homework on investments. If you can’t explain in simple terms what a company does and why it’s a good investment, you probably shouldn’t buy it.
Recommended reading: One Up on Wall Street by Peter Lynch. In this best-selling book, Lynch shares how average investors can use their local knowledge to beat the pros. It’s filled with anecdotes and easy-to-follow advice drawn from his Magellan Fund days.
4. Ray Dalio
Ray Dalio is a giant in the world of hedge funds and is best known as the founder of Bridgewater Associates, the largest hedge fund in the world. Dalio’s specialty is macro investing – making big-picture bets on economics, interest rates, and currencies. He started Bridgewater in 1975 out of his apartment, and over the decades grew it into a firm managing over $150 billion in assets. What sets Dalio apart is not just his fund’s size, but his systematic, principles-driven approach to investing and management. He’s famous for creating a culture of “radical transparency” at Bridgewater and for writing down his life and work philosophies in a handbook simply titled Principles. Dalio’s fund made headlines for navigating economic crises successfully – for instance, Bridgewater’s flagship fund made money during the 2008 financial crisis when many others were struggling. He has a keen focus on understanding historical patterns and economic cycles (he often cites debt cycles and deleveraging processes in history to inform his strategy).
Key achievements: Ray Dalio’s Bridgewater Associates has delivered strong returns for its investors and often acted as a bellwether for macro trends. By 2011, Bridgewater’s Pure Alpha fund (its main strategy) had earned investors tens of billions in profits and the firm was frequently ranked #1 among hedge funds. At its peak, Bridgewater managed roughly $150 billion (making it the largest hedge fund) and Dalio himself became one of the wealthiest hedge fund managers. Notably, Dalio anticipated the 2008 crisis: he warned about the dangers of excessive debt and positioned Bridgewater to profit from the turmoil, ending up with positive returns in a year when the average hedge fund lost about 20%. His investment style is very data-driven and strategy-focused – he describes it as a “machine” of economic indicators and decision rules. One memorable Dalio quote captures his caution about predictions: “He who lives by the crystal ball will eat shattered glass.” In essence, it’s a witty way to say that if you rely too much on forecasts or hunches, you’re likely to get hurt. Dalio preaches diversification and preparation for all environments rather than betting the farm on one outcome.
Memorable quote: “He who lives by the crystal ball will eat shattered glass.” – Dalio’s colorful warning that no one can predict the future perfectly. It reflects his belief in balancing risks and not becoming overconfident in any single economic forecast.
Recommended reading: Principles: Life and Work by Ray Dalio. In this book, Dalio lays out the guiding principles behind his success in both investing and running Bridgewater. It’s part memoir, part handbook on decision-making and is full of insights on economics and leadership.
5. George Soros
George Soros is perhaps most famous for “breaking the Bank of England.” He’s the hedge fund titan behind the Quantum Fund and is known for his bold macro bets and reflexivity theory of markets. Soros was born in Hungary, survived World War II, and eventually emigrated to London and then New York to start his finance career. In the 1970s, he co-founded the Quantum Fund, which became one of the most successful investment funds ever. Soros’s style was high conviction and sometimes high risk – he would make massive leveraged bets on currencies, bonds, or stocks when his analysis (and gut instinct) told him he had an edge. The most famous example was in 1992: Soros believed the British pound was overvalued and would have to devalue, so he built a huge short position against the pound. When Britain finally let the pound drop, Soros’s fund reportedly made around $1 billion in profit virtually overnight. This coup earned him the reputation as “the man who broke the Bank of England.”
Key achievements: Soros’s Quantum Fund delivered an average annual return of about 30% from 1970 to 2000, an extraordinary run that put Soros in the same league as Buffett when it comes to long-term performance. During that period, a $10,000 investment in his fund would have grown to literally millions. Aside from the U.K. pound trade, Soros also profited from correctly betting against other overvalued currencies (like the Thai baht in 1997 before the Asian financial crisis) and from broader macro trends. He had a knack for sensing when markets were riding on unsustainable sentiment. Soros’s concept of “reflexivity” suggests that markets can influence the fundamentals they’re supposed to reflect, often leading to boom-bust cycles. After decades at the helm, Soros stepped back from active trading and turned much of his attention to philanthropy and public policy (giving billions to his Open Society Foundations). Still, in investing circles, his name is synonymous with bold, successful speculation. One of his famous sayings is, “It’s not whether you’re right or wrong, but how much money you make when you’re right and how much you lose when you’re wrong.”. In other words, what matters is having your big bets pay off and keeping losses small on your mistakes – a philosophy of asymmetric risk that guided his strategy.
Memorable quote: “It’s not whether you’re right or wrong, but how much money you make when you’re right and how much you lose when you’re wrong.” – Soros emphasizes risk management over ego. You can be wrong many times and still win in the end if your losses are cut short and your winners run big.
Recommended reading: The Alchemy of Finance by George Soros. In this book, Soros explains his investing theory (including reflexivity) and walks through some of his most notable trades. It’s a bit dense but offers a window into the mindset of one of the world’s greatest speculators.
6. Joel Greenblatt
Joel Greenblatt might not be as instantly recognizable as Buffett or Soros, but in the investing world he’s highly respected as a value investor and hedge fund manager with a phenomenal track record. Greenblatt ran a hedge fund called Gotham Capital and achieved results that almost sound made up: between 1985 and 1994, Gotham Capital earned about a 50% annualized return before fees (around 30% net to investors). Yes, you read that right – 50% per year on average, turning every $1 into $20 over a decade! He accomplished this by focusing on special situations and undervalued stocks, often in quirky areas like spinoffs, mergers, and other corporate restructurings. After such a successful run, Greenblatt returned his outside investors’ money in 1995 (having grown the fund to roughly $500 million) and continued to invest mostly his own capital. Beyond running money, Greenblatt is known for sharing his strategies through books and teaching. He became an adjunct professor at Columbia Business School, where he taught value investing, and he’s written several popular books that simplify complex strategies for everyday investors.
Key achievements: Greenblatt’s key claim to fame is the “Magic Formula” investing strategy he outlined in his book The Little Book That Beats the Market. This formula is a simple method to pick stocks that are both cheap and high quality, using just two financial metrics. It was basically Greenblatt’s way of systematizing what he had done for years. In tests, the magic formula showed impressive results (though it requires patience during rough patches). But Greenblatt’s achievements go beyond one formula – he demonstrated that a concentrated, deep-value approach can massively outperform the market. He famously found great success investing in companies going through spinoffs or other special situations that other investors overlooked. Despite being very quantitatively savvy, Greenblatt communicates in a very down-to-earth way. One of his well-known quotes is, “The secret to successful investing is relatively simple: figure out the value of something – and then pay a lot less.”. That sums up the value investing mantra in plain English: buy dollars for 50 cents. Greenblatt has continued to innovate in investing; in recent years he launched funds that apply value investing on a larger scale (though with more modest returns than his early rocketship). He also has been active in philanthropy and even helped start a successful charter school in New York City, showing his eclectic interests beyond Wall Street.
Memorable quote: “The secret to investing is to figure out the value of something – and then pay a lot less.” – Greenblatt’s advice strips investing down to its essence. Find good businesses or assets, determine roughly what they’re worth, and only buy when the price is way below that value. Simple, but not easy!
Recommended reading: The Little Book That Beats the Market by Joel Greenblatt. This short, witty book introduces Greenblatt’s magic formula approach in an easy-to-understand way. It’s great for beginners to grasp the basics of value investing, and also enjoyable for experienced investors who appreciate how he simplifies a winning strategy.
7. John Bogle
John “Jack” Bogle didn’t beat the market like others on this list – instead, he fundamentally changed the way we invest. Bogle is best known as the founder of The Vanguard Group and the creator of the first index mutual fund available to retail investors. If you’ve ever invested in a low-cost index fund or an ETF, you have Bogle to thank. In 1976, he launched the Vanguard 500 Index Fund, which simply aimed to match the performance of the S&P 500 by holding all its stocks (rather than trying to pick winners). At the time, this idea was ridiculed – critics called it “Bogle’s folly,” saying it was un-American to settle for “average” market returns. Bogle’s bet was that, over time, keeping costs extremely low and sticking to the market average would actually beat the majority of active managers who charge high fees. He was proved right in a spectacular way. Index funds have since revolutionized investing, saving everyday people (and even institutions) countless billions in fees and vastly simplifying the investment process.
Key achievements: Jack Bogle’s impact is measured less in personal wealth (though he was successful) and more in industry transformation. He led Vanguard from a small upstart in the 1970s to one of the largest investment companies in the world. (Vanguard today manages trillions of dollars for investors worldwide.) Bogle’s insistence on low fees drove Vanguard’s average expense ratios to a fraction of the industry standard, forcing competitors to cut costs as well. In essence, he helped return money to investors’ pockets. A simple example of his philosophy: if the stock market returns, say, 8% a year and a typical fund charges 1% in fees, you’re left with 7%. Bogle wanted you to keep as close to the full 8% as possible, because over an investing lifetime that difference is enormous. His approach was vindicated as index funds routinely outperform the majority of active funds over long periods. Bogle was also a fierce advocate for investors’ rights and ethics in finance. He reminded everyone that the “magic of compounding” can be sabotaged by the “tyranny of compounding costs.” Perhaps his most famous quote captures the index philosophy: “Don’t look for the needle in the haystack. Just buy the haystack!”. Instead of trying to pick that one superstar stock (the needle), just buy a broad basket of stocks (the haystack) and enjoy the ride. This was radical in the 1970s; now it’s mainstream wisdom for many. Bogle passed away in 2019, but he’s revered by a community of “Bogleheads” who follow his principles of long-term, low-cost, diversified investing.
Memorable quote: “Don’t look for the needle in the haystack. Just buy the haystack.” – Bogle’s signature advice encourages investors not to overthink stock picking. By owning the whole market (the haystack), you guarantee you’ll get the market’s return and avoid the risk of missing out.
Recommended reading: The Little Book of Common Sense Investing by John C. Bogle. In this easy-to-read book, Bogle lays out why index investing works and how anyone can implement it. It’s full of common-sense advice (true to its title) about keeping costs low, diversifying, and staying the course for the long term.
8. Jim Simons
Jim Simons is often called “the most successful investor you’ve never heard of.” In investing circles, though, he’s a legend – the founder of Renaissance Technologies and the mastermind behind the Medallion Fund, which has the best track record of any investment fund ever. Simons isn’t a traditional stock picker like some others on this list; he’s a mathematician and former codebreaker who pioneered quantitative trading. In 1978, after a career as a math professor and codebreaker for the U.S. government, Simons started a hedge fund that would use algorithms and massive amounts of data to trade financial markets. By the late 1980s, Renaissance’s Medallion Fund was operating as a fully automated, high-frequency trading system seeking tiny inefficiencies in market prices. The results were otherworldly. From 1988 through 2018, Medallion achieved roughly a 66% average annual return before fees (about 39% net of the hefty fees Renaissance charged). That means they multiplied investors’ money several-thousand-fold over 30 years, a record no one has come close to – not Buffett, not Soros, nobody. In fact, Renaissance made so much money that Simons eventually returned all outside capital and Medallion now only manages money for Renaissance’s employees.
Key achievements: Jim Simons essentially launched the quant fund revolution on Wall Street. He showed that by hiring brilliant scientists and letting computers find patterns in market data, you could consistently beat the market, even after fees and trading costs. Medallion’s total trading gains exceeded $100 billion over its life, enriching its employees and Simons himself (who became a multi-billionaire and, for a time, the world’s richest hedge fund manager). What’s astonishing is how consistent Medallion was: it reportedly only had one losing year in its first ~30 years of operation. Simons fostered a culture at Renaissance where traditional finance experience was secondary; instead, he recruited mathematicians, physicists, and computer scientists – people who could crunch data and think outside the box. While Simons himself has been quite private about their exact methods, the general approach is clear: small edges, applied to huge numbers of trades, add up to enormous profits. They would find statistical patterns (for example, relationships between different stocks, or mean-reversion tendencies) and exploit them with rapid trading. Because of his quantitative focus, Simons doesn’t have as many quotable one-liners about investing philosophy in the public domain. But one humorous line attributed to him is, “In this business it’s easy to confuse luck with brains.” Despite his fund’s success, Simons acknowledged the role of luck and randomness, cautioning against hubris. He retired from day-to-day management of Renaissance in 2009, but the funds continued (with mixed results in recent years for the institutional ones). Today, Simons is also known for his philanthropy in science and math education. His story is a testament that a very different approach – quantitative, secretive, and ultra-disciplined – can beat the traditional investors at their own game.
Memorable quote: “In this business it’s easy to confuse luck with brains.” – Simons’s tongue-in-cheek remark reflects his awareness that even quants aren’t infallible. It’s a reminder that one should stay humble in the face of the market, no matter how smart your strategy.
Recommended reading: The Man Who Solved the Market by Gregory Zuckerman. This book chronicles Jim Simons’s journey and the rise of Renaissance Technologies, offering a fascinating look at how the Medallion Fund racked up its unbelievable returns. It reads like a thriller for finance geeks and provides insight into the quant investing world.
9. Charlie Munger
Charlie Munger is famously the right-hand man of Warren Buffett. As Vice Chairman of Berkshire Hathaway, Munger has been Buffett’s partner and closest confidant for decades, contributing deep wisdom and a sharp wit to Berkshire’s operations and investments. But Munger is a superstar investor in his own right too. Before teaming up with Buffett, he ran a successful investment partnership in the 1960s and early 1970s that racked up about 19.8% annual returns (compared to only 5% annually for the Dow Jones index in that period). Munger is known for his keen analytical mind and his focus on quality businesses. In contrast to Buffett’s early cigar-butt investing style (buying super-cheap mediocre companies), Munger pushed Buffett toward paying up for great companies with durable competitive advantages. The shift to buying wonderful companies at fair prices – think Coca-Cola, Gillette, and Apple more recently – is often credited to Munger’s influence.
Key achievements: As Buffett’s partner, Charlie Munger has helped Berkshire Hathaway grow from a small textile company into a half-trillion-dollar conglomerate. He’s been instrumental in deals and in refining Berkshire’s investment philosophy. For example, the purchase of See’s Candies in 1972 for $25 million – which turned out to be one of Berkshire’s best investments – was a move that Munger championed, focusing on the brand’s quality and pricing power rather than just the raw numbers. Outside of Berkshire, Munger served as chairman of Wesco Financial and is chairman of the Daily Journal Corporation (a publisher/software company), where well into his 90s he still oversees an investment portfolio. But perhaps Munger’s biggest “achievement” is the wisdom he’s imparted to investors worldwide. He’s a big proponent of mental models – applying multidisciplinary thinking (from psychology, economics, biology, etc.) to investing and business problems. He’s also brutally honest and funny, delivering zingers at Berkshire’s annual meetings that often become headlines. A hallmark of Munger’s advice is patience and rationality. One of his famous sayings: “The first rule of compounding: never interrupt it unnecessarily.” This speaks to the power of letting your investments grow over time without needless tinkering – essentially, sit on your butt and let compounding work its magic. Munger also often stresses avoiding stupid mistakes over trying to be a genius. He once quipped that his investing approach is “sit on your ass” investing – meaning sometimes the best action is inaction, as long as you’ve made sound investments. His dry humor and one-liners (“Tell me where I’m going to die, so I never go there” – on avoiding risk) have made him an icon. In 2023, at age 99, Munger (alongside Buffett) still offered insightful commentary on markets, proving that some lessons truly stand the test of time.
Memorable quote: “The first rule of compounding: Never interrupt it unnecessarily.” – Munger’s advice underscores the importance of patience. Let your investments compound over years and decades, and don’t derail the process by reacting impulsively to every market gyration.
Recommended reading: Poor Charlie’s Almanack – a collection of Charlie Munger’s speeches and musings (edited by Peter D. Kaufman). This book is a treasure trove of Munger’s wisdom on investing, decision-making, and life. It’s not written by Munger per se, but it compiles his best lessons and stories in an easy-to-digest format, much like Ben Franklin’s old Almanack but for modern investors.
10. Jesse Livermore
Jesse Livermore is a legendary figure from the early 20th century – a name that still echoes on Wall Street as the embodiment of the daring, and sometimes wild, speculator. Livermore was a stock trader famous for making (and losing) several fortunes in the days before the Great Depression. He started out as a teenager in the 1890s trading stocks in “bucket shops” (basically betting parlors for stocks) and quickly earned the nickname “Boy Plunger” for his knack of plunging into big trades and coming out with huge profits. Livermore’s most celebrated achievement was during the 1929 stock market crash: by shorting the market (betting that stocks would fall), he reportedly made around $100 million in the space of just a few days. To put that in perspective, $100 million in 1929 is equivalent to well over $1 billion today. That win was so massive that it was blamed for worsening the crash (though that’s likely an overstatement) and it solidified his reputation as one of the greatest speculators ever.
Key achievements: Livermore was a master of reading market trends and tape trading. He had an intuitive feel for when a stock was going to break out or breakdown, often using pivot points and price patterns. In 1907, he also famously shorted the market and profited during the Panic of 1907, another early crash – that time making a few million (which was a lot in those days). His life was full of highs and lows: he’d make a fortune, then lose it by mis-timing the next move, only to build another fortune. Despite eventually facing personal and financial troubles (he sadly died by suicide in 1940 after going bankrupt once more), Livermore’s trading principles have endured. The classic book Reminiscences of a Stock Operator (though technically a fictionalized account by Edwin Lefèvre) is based on Livermore’s life and is packed with trading wisdom attributed to him. Many of his maxims are still quoted by traders today. For example, Livermore stressed the importance of sitting tight on a winning position: “It was never my thinking that made the big money for me, it was always my sitting.” He also warned against overtrading and following tips. A famous quote from him: “Markets are never wrong; opinions are.” This means if the market is moving against your position, the market is right and you (and your opinion or thesis) are wrong – so don’t fight the tape. Livermore observed that human nature caused the same stock market patterns to repeat over and over (hence, “there is nothing new on Wall Street”). He was essentially an early technical analyst, using price and volume as his guides. His story is a rollercoaster and serves as both inspiration and caution. Modern risk management techniques have evolved a lot since his time, but traders still find value in Livermore’s rules about momentum, psychology, and patience.
Memorable quote: “Markets are never wrong; opinions are.” – Attributed to Jesse Livermore, this quote is a reminder that you have to respect the market’s action. If your analysis says a stock should go up but it keeps going down, don’t stubbornly blame the market – recognize that your opinion might be wrong and adapt.
Recommended reading: Reminiscences of a Stock Operator by Edwin Lefèvre. It’s a fictionalized biography of Jesse Livermore and one of the most beloved books about trading ever written. Even though it recounts events from over a century ago, readers today still swear by the lessons on market psychology and trading discipline that it contains. It’s entertaining to read and brimming with hard-earned wisdom from Livermore’s exploits.
Conclusion: These ten investors – from the ultra-cautious value gurus to the bold speculators and quants – each carved out a unique spot in financial history. They remind us there’s no single “right” way to invest; success can come from patience and long-term thinking (à la Buffett and Graham), from shrewdly riding trends (like Livermore or Lynch), from quantitative analysis (Simons), or even from transforming the whole investing landscape (Bogle). What they all have in common is discipline, a deep understanding of their chosen strategy, and the ability to learn from mistakes. Their memorable quotes and stories continue to guide and inspire investors of all levels. Whether you decide to pick stocks or just “buy the haystack,” there’s a wealth of knowledge to glean from these masters. Happy investing, and as many of these legends might say: keep learning and stay patient – that’s how wealth is built over time.